Figure 1.

Tracings of heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during the 15-s Valsalva’s maneuver (VM) for 1 representative participant following fluid control (A) and binge alcohol dose (B). Phase II of VM is outlined with a dashed line, which constitutes the first blood pressure decrease from strain onset to strain termination. Phase IV of VM is represented with a solid line and begins with the first blood pressure increase after strain termination to first blood pressure decrease during blood pressure overshoot.