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Both the malic acid spray and the betaine-based mouthwash significantly improved the OHRQoL. Both interventions (malic acid spray and betaine mouthwash) but not the placebo, significantly improved the OHRQoL, as shown by a significant decrease in the total OHIP-14 scores. No significant differences were observed between both interventions. ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.0005 .
