Table 1. Association between demographic, epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of ACL patients and cure/failure outcome after first cycle of MA treatment.
| Treatment outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Failure | Cure | ||
| Characteristic | n = 34 (47.9%) | n = 37 (52.1%) | P |
| EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| GENDER | 0.268 a | ||
| • Male | 30 (88.2) | 29 (78.4) | |
| • Female | 4 (11.8) | 8 (21.6) | |
| AGE (years) | 0.634 b | ||
| Mean (± SD) | 38.82 (± 16.87) | 40.62 (± 14.77) | |
| ECOREGION WHERE THE INFECTION WAS ACQUIRED | 0.036 a | ||
| • Yungas | 24 (70.6) | 17 (45.9) | |
| • Dry Chaco | 10 (29.4) | 20 (54.1) | |
| OCCUPATION/HOUSINGS/ACTIVITIES | 0.208 a | ||
| • Rural work | 24 (70.6) | 25 (67.6) | |
| • Periurban or rural housing | 9 (26.5) | 7 (18.9) | |
| • Recreational trips | 1 (2.9) | 5 (13.5) | |
| CLINICAL FORMS | 0.042 a | ||
| • Cutaneous | 12 (35.3) | 22 (59.5) | |
| • Mucosal | 22 (64.7) | 15 (40.5) | |
| ❖ Concomitant cutaneous and mucosal | 8/34 (23.5) | 0/37 (0) | 0.002 c |
| CUTANEOUS LESIONS | |||
| • Localization of single lesions | 0.361 a | ||
| ❖ Head | 4 (57.1) | 4 (25) | |
| ❖ Upper limb | 1 (14.3) | 6 (37.5) | |
| ❖ Lower limb | 2 (28.6) | 4 (25) | |
| ❖ Trunk | 0 (0) | 2 (12.5) | |
| • Number of lesions | 0.459 c | ||
| ❖ 1 | 7 (58.3) | 16 (72.7) | |
| ❖ ≥2 | 5 (41.7) | 6 (27.3) | |
| MUCOSAL LESIONS | |||
| • Severity | 0.554 c | ||
| ❖ Mild | 1 (4.5) | 2 (13.3) | |
| ❖ Extensive | 21 (95.5) | 13 (86.7) | |
| LESION AGE (months) | |||
| Median (min–max) | 12 (1–360) | 4 (0.75–120) | 0.0123 d |
| Ranges | 0.018 a | ||
| • ≥ 6 | 21 (61.8) | 14 (37.8) | |
| • < 6 | 10 (29.4) | 22 (59.5) | |
| • Unknown | 3 (8.8) | 1 (2.7) | |
| Leishmania spp. | 0.612 c | ||
| • L. (V.) braziliensis | 29 (85.3) | 27 (73) | |
| • L. (L.) amazonensis | 1 (2.9) | 3 (8.1) | |
| • Unknown | 4 (11.8) | 7 (18.9) | |
| ANTI-T. cruzi ANTIBODIES | 0.210 a | ||
| • Yes | 14 (41.2) | 6 (16.2) | |
| • No | 14 (41.2) | 13 (35.1) | |
| • Unknown | 6 (17.6) | 18 (48.7) | |
| SECONDARY MICROBIAL INFECTION | 0.464 a | ||
| • Yes | 15 (44.1) | 8 (21.6) | |
| • No | 8 (23.5) | 7 (18.9) | |
| • Unknown | 11 (32.4) | 22 (59.5) | |
| CONCOMITANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE | 0.218 a | ||
| • Yes | 15 (44.1) | 8 (21.6) | |
| • No | 15 (44.1) | 16 (43.2) | |
| • Unknown | 4 (11.8) | 13 (35.1) | |
| THERAPEUTIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| THERAPEUTIC SCHEME* | 0.08 a | ||
| • Incomplete | 19 (55.9) | 13 (35.1) | |
| • Complete | 15 (44.1) | 24 (64.9) | |
| DOSE* | 0.201 a | ||
| • Insufficient | 12 (35.3) | 8 (21.6) | |
| • Sufficient | 22 (64.7) | 29 (78.4) | |
| DURATION* | 0.248 c | ||
| • Less | 5 (14.7) | 2 (5.4) | |
| • Recommended | 29 (85.3) | 35 (94.6) | |
| INTERRUPTIONS** | 0.111 a | ||
| • Yes | 11 (32.4) | 6 (16.2) | |
| • No | 23 (67.6) | 31 (83.8) | |
Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise noted. Percentages represent the categories consigned in columns.
* As recommended by PAHO for the treatment of leishmaniasis in the Americas [10].
** Interruptions of more than two consecutive days [13].
a Pearson's Chi-Squared Test
b Unpaired Student's “T” Test
c Fisher's Exact Test
d Mann-Whitney's “U” Test