Table 2.
Demographics (n = 98) | |
Age - Median (IQR) | 60 (53–67) |
Male % (95% CI) | 64% (54–73.7%) |
Vascular risk factors: (n = 91) | N (%, 95% CI) |
Hypertension | 48 (53%, 42.0–63.3%) |
Diabetes | 26 (29%, 19.6–39.0%) |
Dyslipidaemia | 15 (16%, 9.5–25.7%) |
Smoking | 10 (11%, 5.4–19.3%) |
High body mass index | 10 (11%, 5.4–19.3%) |
Atrial fibrillation | 3 (3%, 0.7–9.3%) |
Ischemic heart disease | 3 (3%, 0.7–9.3%) |
Alcohol | 2 (2%, 0.3–7.7%) |
No previous medical history | 18 (20%, 12.1–29.5%) |
Intracerebral haemorrhage characteristics | N (%, 95% CI) |
Location (n = 96) | |
Lobar | 64 (67%, 56.3–76.0%) |
Non-lobar (deep or infratentorial) | 28 (29%, 20.3–39.3%) |
Mixed (lobar and non-lobar) | 4 (4%, 1.15–10.3%) |
Multifocality (n = 91) | |
Multifocal | 33 (36%, 26.4–47.0%) |
Focal | 58 (64%, 53.0–73.6%) |
Aetiology (n = 98) | |
Coagulopathy | 50 (51%, 40.7–61.3%) |
Hypertensive arteriopathy | 11 (11%, 5.7–19.2%) |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | 1 (1%, 0.0–5.6%) |
Macrovascular causes (*) | 3 (3%, 0.6–8.7%) |
Cerebral venous thrombosis | 1 (1%, 0.0–5.6%) |
Moya-Moya disease | 1 (1%, 0.0–5.6%) |
Undetermined | 31 (32%, 22.6–41.8%) |
Anticoagulation (n = 91) | N (%, 95% CI) |
Therapeutic unfractionated heparin | 36 (40%, 29.5–50.4%) |
Therapeutic low molecular weight heparin | 14 (15%, 8.7–24.5%) |
Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin | 12 (13%, 7.0–21.9%) |
Warfarin | 3 (3%, 0.7–9.3%) |
No anticoagulation | 26 (29%, 19.6–39.0%) |
COVID-19 | N (%, 95% CI) |
Prior symptoms (n = 92) | |
Prior COVID-19 symptoms | 71 (77%, 67.3–85.3%) |
No prior COVID-19 symptoms | 21 (23%, 14.7–32.8%) |
Days since COVID-19 symptoms (n = 68) | |
Median, IQR | 15 (5–20) |
Severity (n = 97) | |
Critical | 77 (79%, 70.0–86.9%) |
Severe | 4 (4%, 1.1–10.2%) |
Moderate | 9 (9%, 4.3–16.9%) |
Mild | 2 (2%, 0.3–7.3%) |
Asymptomatic | 5 (5%, 1.7–11.6%) |
ECMO (n = 98) | 20 (21%, 12.9–29.8%) |
Outcome (n = 98) | |
Deceased | 53 (54%, 43.7–64.2%) |
Critically ill | 18 (18%, 11.3–27.5%) |
Discharged to rehabilitation unit or home | 27 (28%, 19.0–37.5%) |
Coagulability markers | Median, IQR |
D-Dimer (μg/L) (n = 64) | 3387 (1745–5670) |
Fibrinogen (g/L): (n = 42) | 5 (3.6–6.5) |
aPTT (s) (n = 36) | 32 (25–59.5) |
PTT (s) (n = 21) | 64 (41.6–89.3) |
INR (n = 45) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) |
Prothrombin time (s) (n = 28) | 12.8 (11.7–15.7) |
Platelet count (/ mm3) (n = 72) | 211 (143, 288.5 k) |
CRP (mg/L) (n = 57) | 74 (13–130) |
Serum ferritin (μg/L) (n = 20) | 1554 (983–2289) |
*Macrovascular causes (aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, cavernous malformation)
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, PTT prothrombin time, INR international normalised ratio, CRP C-reactive protein