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(a) Schematic of ZnO nanorod LEDs on a paper substrate. (b) Schematic of the fabricated three-dimensional paper-based photoelectrochemical immunosensor array device that was prepared with LEDs as the excitation light source. (c) Photograph of paper-based nanorod LEDs excited multiplexed photoelectrochemical immunodevice.152 Reproduced with permission from Zhang et al., ChemComm 50(12), 1417–1419 (2014). Copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry.
