Influence of the particle size (tuning the porosity of substrate) on the deformation of the droplet in a porous medium for V0 = 1m/s and ε = 0.2. Droplet penetrating into porous substrates at various time points: (a) t = 0.002 s, (b) t = 0.13 s, (c) t = 70 s, and (d) t = 1000 s.160 Reproduced with permission from Choi et al., Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 80, 18–29 (2017). Copyright 2016 Elsevier Ltd.