Table 2.
Summary of studies included in systematic review.
| Study ID | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| HALT-IT 2020 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 12009 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| GI bleed (upper or lower, however 89% were classified as upper GI bleeds) | |
| Mean age TXA group: 58 | |
| Mean age placebo group: 58 | |
| 7743 males | |
| 4266 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 1 g IV stat then 3 g infused over 24 hours | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 222/5994 | |
| Placebo group 226/6015 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| Not reported | |
| Adverse events MI, CVA, PE: | |
| TXA group 42/5994 | |
| Placebo group 46/6015 | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA group 146/5994 | |
| Placebo group 158/6015 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| TXA group 4076/5994 | |
| Placebo group 4129/6015 | |
| Bagnenko 2011 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 47 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: 62 | |
| Mean age placebo group: 64 | |
| 29 males | |
| 18 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 10 mg IV/PO TDS for 3 days versus placebo | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 1/22 | |
| Placebo group 3/25 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| TXA group 2/22 | |
| Placebo group: 5/25 | |
| Adverse events: | |
| Not reported | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA 1/22 | |
| Placebo 3/25 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| TXA 14/22 | |
| Placebo 13/25 | |
| Hawkey 2001 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 206 patients randomly assigned. | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: 58 | |
| Mean age placebo group: 58 | |
| 126 males | |
| 80 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 2 g PO bolus then 1 g QDS for 4 days | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 4/103 | |
| Placebo group 5/103 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| TXA group 9/103 | |
| Placebo group: 10/103 | |
| Adverse events: | |
| No breakdown between intervention and control | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA 5/103 | |
| Placebo 6/103 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| TXA 58/103 | |
| Placebo 60/103 | |
| Holstein 1987 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 128 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: 62 | |
| Mean age placebo group: 65 | |
| 90 males | |
| 38 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 1 g every 4 hours for 24 hours then 1.5 g PO QDS for 5 days | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 2/128 | |
| Placebo group 4/128 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| TXA group 10/128 | |
| Placebo group 19/128 | |
| Adverse events MI, CVA, PE: | |
| TXA group 0/128 | |
| Placebo group 2/128 | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA group 3/128 | |
| Placebo group 15/128 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| TXA group 47/128 | |
| Placebo group 54/128 | |
| Bergqvist 1980 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 50 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: 61 | |
| Mean age placebo group: 58 | |
| 40 males | |
| 10 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 2 g PO 4 hourly for two days | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 3/25 | |
| Placebo group 5/25 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| Not reported | |
| Adverse events MI, CVA, PE: | |
| Not reported | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA group 7/25 | |
| Placebo group 7/25 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| Not reported | |
|
| |
| Engquist 1979 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 204 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: 59 | |
| Mean age placebo group: 56 | |
| 159 males | |
| 45 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 1 g IV 4 hourly for 1 day then 1.5 g PO QDS for 6 days | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 11/102 | |
| Placebo group 12/102 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| TXA group 23/102 | |
| Placebo group 29/102 | |
| Adverse events MI, CVA, PE: | |
| TXA group 4/102 | |
| Placebo group 2/102 | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA group 10/102 | |
| Placebo group 18/102 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| Not reported | |
| Biggs 1976 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 200 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: not reported | |
| Mean age placebo group: not reported | |
| 156 males | |
| 44 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 1 g IV stat then 1 g PO QDS on day 1, | |
| Then 1 g QDS for 4 days | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 2/103 | |
| Placebo group 4/97 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| TXA group 7/103 | |
| Placebo group 21/97 | |
| Adverse events MI, CVA, PE: | |
| Not reported | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| TXA group 7/103 | |
| Placebo group 21/97 | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| TXA group 77/103 | |
| Placebo group 71/97 | |
|
| |
| Cormack 1973 | Methods: |
| Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants: | |
| 150 patients randomly assigned | |
| Inclusion criteria: | |
| Suspected upper GI bleed | |
| Mean age TXA group: not reported | |
| Mean age placebo group: not reported | |
| 101 males | |
| 49 females | |
| Interventions: | |
| TXA 1.5 g QDS for 7 days | |
| Outcomes: | |
| Mortality: | |
| TXA group 3/76 | |
| Placebo group 3/74 | |
| Rebleeding: | |
| TXA group 8/76 | |
| Placebo group 11/74 | |
| Adverse events MI, CVA, PE: | |
| Not reported | |
| Need for surgery: | |
| Not reported | |
| Transfusion required: | |
| TXA group 68/76 | |
| Placebo group 63/74 | |