Table 5.

Comparison of mean changes at the 1-month follow-up between and within the intervention and control groups.^a

Mean change at 1-month follow-up		Intervention group–control group		Intervention group		Control group
		Mean difference of change (95% CI)	P value	Mean change (95% CI)	P value	Mean change (95% CI)	P value
PMHQb total score		1.40 (–3.98 to 5.72)	.24	0.37 (–4.09 to 4.83)	.21	–1.16 (–3.72 to 1.41)	.69
	F1–Personal satisfaction	0.96 (–0.62 to 2.47)	.03a	0.22 (–1.17 to 1.61)	.07	–0.93 (–1.89 to 0.32)	.20
	F2–Prosocial attitude	–0.07 (–1.08 to 0.68)	.18	0.11 (–0.46 to 0.68)	.92	0.25 (–0.24 to 0.74)	.17
	F3–Self-control	0.51 (–1.11 to 0.87)	.86	–0.1 (–0.89 to 0.85)	.98	0.35 (–0.43 to 1.13)	.31
	F4–Autonomy	0.79 (–0.38 to 1.79)	.14	0.22 (–0.82 to 1.27)	.17	–0.65 (–1.47 to 0.17)	.38
	F5–Problem solving and self-actualization	0.05 (–2.65 to 1.13)	.45	–0.26 (–1.45 to 0.93)	.35	0.40 (–0.93 to 1.73)	.95
	F6–Interpersonal relationship skills	0.77 (–0.71 to 1.86)	.18	0.09 (–0.99 to 1.18)	.51	–0.59 (–0.58 to 0.08)	.11
ZBI-7c score		–0.55 (3.98 to 5.72)	.24	–0.51 (–1.51 to 0.49)	.05	0.79 (0.16 to 1.42)	.01

^aAnalyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, with P values ≤.05 considered statistically significant.

^bPMHQ: Positive Mental Health Questionnaire.

^cZBI-7: 7-item short-form version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview.