Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Variable | LO (BMI <27.0 kg/m2; n=15) | HI (BMI ≥27.0 kg/m2; n=15) | p value (HI vs LO) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 41 (30, 51) | 43 (31, 54) | 0.775 |
| Sex, n male/n female | 5/10 | 3/12 | 0.682 |
| Weight, kg | 70.0 (59.0, 82.0) | 97.2 (86.1, 127.6) | <0.001*** |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4 (22.5, 26.0) | 32.0 (28.9, 45.6) | <0.001*** |
| Body fat, % | 22.1 (20.7, 29.4) | 42.0 (38.2, 51.2) | <0.001*** |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.83 (0.77, 0.90) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | <0.001*** |
| ESS score | 12 (12, 17) | 13 (12, 16) | 0.713 |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 60 (56, 68) | 65 (56, 76) | 0.412 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 115 (110, 130) | 128 (120, 135) | 0.041* |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78 (74, 85) | 84 (78, 90) | 0.033* |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 34 (31, 34) | 35 (32, 37) | 0.233 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.3 (5.0, 5.3) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.5) | 0.233 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l | 5.5 (5.3, 5.9) | 5.8 (5.4, 6.2) | 0.187 |
| Serum C-peptide, nmol/l | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.001** |
| Serum insulin, pmol/l | 31.9 (24.3, 55.6) | 79.9 (41.0, 152.8) | 0.001** |
| HOMA-IR | 1.14 (0.86, 1.96) | 3.27 (1.42, 5.21) | 0.001** |
| Plasma cholesterol, mmol/la | 4.6 (3.9, 5.0) | 4.4 (3.7, 5.2) | 0.872 |
| Plasma LDL, mmol/l | 2.5 (2.2, 2.7) | 2.9 (2.4, 3.7) | 0.067 |
| Plasma HDL, mmol/l | 1.50 (1.20, 1.90) | 0.91 (0.86, 1.10) | <0.001*** |
| Plasma triacylglycerols, mmol/l | 0.65 (0.51, 0.76) | 0.99 (0.72, 1.29) | 0.009** |
| Plasma glucagon, pmol/l | 8.9 (6.5, 12.3) | 10.5 (9.0, 13.1) | 0.486 |
| Serum cortisol, nmol/l | 257 (197, 338) | 170 (127, 269) | 0.037* |
| Plasma ACTH, pmol/l | 2.3 (2.1, 4.4) | 2.5 (1.8, 4.6) | 0.775 |
| Plasma GH, μg/l | 1.08 (0.15, 4.20) | 0.37 (0.07, 1.06) | 0.126 |
| Plasma NEFA, μmol/l | 182.0 (132.7, 232.1) | 258.6 (212.8, 553.5) | 0.002** |
| Plasma glycerol, μmol/l | 63.7 (53.2, 82.3) | 78.7 (65.8, 102.8) | 0.050 |
Data are presented as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) and were obtained at the first visit (or second if missing at first)
aSamples are missing for eight participants
*p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001
GH, growth hormone