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. 2020 Apr 3;30(1):155–167. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01521-8

Table 6.

Associations between exposure to road traffic noise at home and school, and ADHD stratified by parental psychopathology in the TRAILS cohort

Risk ratio for ADHD (95% confidence interval)
Low paternal internalizing problems High paternal internalizing problems Low paternal externalizing problems High paternal externalizing problems
Lden home (per 1 dBA) ADHD symptoms

n = 167

1.015 (0.979, 1.052)

n = 174

0.970 (0.935, 1.007)

n = 272

0.988 (0.960, 1.016)

n = 69

1.009 (0.951, 1.071)

ADHD diagnosis

n = 81

0.947 (0.886, 1.012)

n = 148

0.919 (0.875, 0.965)*

n = 168

0.926 (0.887, 0.967)*

n = 61

0.934 (0.851, 1.024)

Lden school (per 1 dBA) ADHD symptoms

n = 140

1.004 (0.969, 1.042)

n = 153

0.996 (0.962, 1.031)

n = 232

0.994 (0.966, 1.023)

n = 61

1.014 (0.961, 1.069)

ADHD diagnosis

n = 77

0.947 (0.889, 1.009)

n = 145

0.949 (0.906, 0.994)*

n = 164

0.937 (0.896, 0.979)*

n = 58

0.974 (0.902, 1.051)

Lden home (per 1 dBA) ADHD symptoms

n = 140

1.013 (0.974, 1.054)

n = 153

0.966 (0.928, 1.005)

n = 232

0.982 (0.952, 1.013)

n = 61

1.018 (0.955, 1.084)

Lden school (per 1 dBA)

n = 140

1.004 (0.968, 1.041)

n = 153

0.996 (0.962, 1.031)

n = 232

0.995 (0.967, 1.023)

n = 61

1.015 (0.962, 1.071)

Lden home (per 1 dBA) ADHD diagnosis

n = 77

0.938 (0.874, 1.007)

n = 145

0.911 (0.866, 0.959)*

n = 164

0.921 (0.880, 0.964)

n = 58

0.924 (0.838, 1.019)

Lden school (per 1 dBA)

n = 77

0.951 (0.893, 1.012)

n = 145

0.952 (0.908, 0.997)*

n = 164

0.944 (0.904, 0.986)

n = 58

0.969 (0.896, 1.048)

Note: adjusted for age, parental SES, number of parents, ethnicity, perinatal circumstances and complications, and parental externalizing and internalizing problems. N in each cell refers to ADHD cases. Based on multinomial regression analysis with screen-negative for ADHD as reference group

*p < 0.05