Fig. 5. TEM characterization of the Si nanolayers of Si–C anodes after precycling of NCM811/Si–C full cells and Young’s modulus of the Si nanolayers of Si–C anodes during cycling.

a–c TEM images and EDS mapping results (pink: silicon, green: carbon, and blue: oxygen) of a Si nanolayer of pristine Si–C (a), Si–C precycled in VC-added electrolyte (b), and VC + DMVC-OCF₃ + DMVC-OTMS-added electrolyte (c). d–f Line EDS-weighted profile of pristine Si–C (d), Si–C precycled with VC-containing electrolyte (e), and VC + DMVC-OCF₃ + DMVC-OTMS containing electrolyte (f). g Tendency of the Young’s modulus of the Si nanolayer of the Si–C anode during cycling of NCM811/Si–C full cells.