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. 2021 Feb 5;4:162. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-01685-2

Fig. 1. The protective effects of the flavonoid, GardeninA against paraquat-induced toxicity and mobility defects.

Fig. 1

a Schematic representation of the feeding regimen. Adult male flies were either pre-fed for 4 days with 2.5% sucrose or GardeninA or GardeninB (10 μM) followed by continuous exposure to 5 mM PQ (white bar: Suc>Suc, gray bar: Suc>PQ, green bar: GardeninA>PQ) and were scored daily for survival and mobility abilities. b Survival assays were performed using adult male flies as outlined above and the number of live flies was recorded every 24 h until all of the flies died and the survival percentages were plotted at the indicated time points (Days 1, 3, and 5). Data are representative of ten independent biological replicates with ten flies per feeding conditions. Data shown represents mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 based on the Mann–Whitney U test. c The protective effect of GardeninA pretreatment on the climbing abilities of flies exposed to PQ was determined by negative geotaxis assays. The number of flies able to cross 5 cm from the bottom of the vial within 20 s were recorded and plotted at the specified time points (24 and 48 h). Data are representative of at least five independent experiments with ten flies per group. ***p < 0.001 based on one-way ANOVA between indicated feeding conditions. d Adult male flies were either pre-fed for 4 days with 2.5% sucrose or GardeninB (10 μM) followed by continuous exposure to 5 mM PQ (white bar: Suc>Suc, gray bar: Suc>PQ, orange bar: GardeninB>PQ) and were scored daily for survival assays. The survival percentages were plotted at the indicated time points (Days 1, 3, and 5). Data are representative of ten independent biological replicates with ten male flies per feeding conditions. Data shown represent mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 based on the Mann–Whitney U test. e Negative geotaxis assays were used to determine the effect of GardeninB pretreatment on the climbing abilities of flies exposed to PQ. The number of flies able to cross 5 cm within 20 s were recorded and plotted at the specified time points (24 and 48 h). Data are representative of at least five independent experiments with ten male flies per group. ***p < 0.001 based on one-way ANOVA between indicated feeding conditions.