Table 3.

Results for in-hospital death and time-to-ICU discharge

Variable	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	OR [95% CI]	p	OR [95% CI]	Wald	p
In-hospital death
Age (0 = 67; per 10 years)	1.46 [1.40–1.53]	< 0.001	1.55 [1.47–1.63]	271.41	< 0.001
Temperature (0 = 98.4)	0.86 [0.83–0.89]	< 0.001	0.90 [0.86–0.93]	32.35	< 0.001
Bilirubin > 2 mg/dL	2.70 [2.22–3.28]	< 0.001	2.33 [1.88–2.90]	58.21	< 0.001
History of heart failure	1.23 [1.06–1.43]	0.006	1.01 [0.86–1.19]	0.02	0.889
Diabetes	0.63 [0.55–0.73]	< 0.001	0.65 [0.56–0.76]	28.68	< 0.001
Lactate (per 1 mmol/L)	1.26 [1.23–1.29]	< 0.001	1.21 [1.17–1.24]	171.84	< 0.001
MAP (per 10 mmHg)	0.83 [0.80–0.85]	< 0.001	0.88 [0.85–0.91]	54.45	< 0.001
Heart rate (per 10 bpm)a
≤ 95 bpm	0.87 [0.82–0.93]	< 0.001	–	–	–
> 95 bpm	1.07 [1.02–1.12]	0.005	–	–	–
Slope difference	–	< 0.001	–	–	0.058
Overall	–	–	1.06 [1.03–1.09]	12.31	< 0.001

Variable	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	HR [95% CI]	p	HR [95% CI]	Wald	p
Discharge from the ICU
Age (0 = 67; per 10 years)	0.95 [0.93–0.97]	< 0.001	0.95 [0.93–0.97]	27.70	< 0.001
Temperature (0 = 98.4)	1.07 [1.06–1.09]	< 0.001	1.06 [1.05–1.08]	58.95	< 0.001
Bilirubin > 2 mg/dL	0.65 [0.58–0.73]	< 0.001	0.70 [0.62–0.79]	35.30	< 0.001
History of heart failure	0.88 [0.82–0.94]	< 0.001	0.88 [0.82–0.95]	12.20	< 0.001
Diabetes	1.11 [1.04–1.18]	0.001	1.10 [1.03–1.17]	8.89	0.003
Lactate (per 1 mmol/L)	0.95 [0.93–0.96]	< 0.001	0.96 [0.95–0.98]	28.12	< 0.001
MAP (per 10 mmHg)	1.03 [1.01–1.04]	< 0.001	1.02 [1.01–1.03]	6.04	0.014
Heart rate (per 10 bpm)	1.01 [1.00–1.03]	0.024	0.99 [0.98–0.01]	1.62	0.203

Both the unadjusted and adjusted models included facility indicator variables as fixed effects to account for the clustering of patients within facilities.

^aAfter adjusting for covariates, the slope difference in the log-odds of in-hospital death before vs. after HR of 95 was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.058); as such, the adjusted model includes a single overall effect of HR

OR odds ratio, HR hazard ratio, MAP mean arterial pressure