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. 2021 Feb 6;65(4):576–588. doi: 10.1007/s11528-021-00587-8

Table 2.

Overall Descriptive Statistics for Pre- and Post-COVID Confidence Measures

Item M Diff Median SD Item M Diff Median SD
In-class Work/College Support Tasks Study Habits Outside of Class
Finish Homework by Deadline Plan your schoolwork
Pre 4.59 5 .69 Pre 4.38 5 .87
Post 3.43 −1.15 4 1.28 Post 3.31 −1.07 3 1.39
Study when there are other things to do Organize your schoolwork
Pre 4.10 4 .94 Pre 4.37 5 .88
Post 3.00 −1.10 3 1.34 Post 3.36 −1.01 4 1.39
Concentrate on school subjects Remember information from class or materials
Pre 4.25 4 .85 Pre 4.29 4 .85
Post 2.96 −1.29 3 1.35 Post 2.95 −1.34 3 1.30
Take class notes on instruction Arrange a place to study without distractions
Pre 4.38 5 1.00 Pre 4.28 5 .95
Post 2.92 −1.46 3 1.43 Post 3.05 −1.24 3 1.47
Use library for information for class assignments Motivate yourself to do schoolwork
Pre 4.05 5 1.21 Pre 4.21 4 .92
Post 2.56 −1.49 2 1.41 Post 2.77 −1.44 3 1.40
Participate in class discussions
Pre 4.37 5 .92
Post 3.12 −1.25 3 1.46