Table 3.
Descriptive Statistics for Pre- and Post-COVID Confidence Measures by Race and Age
| African American | White | 18–21 | 22-over | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | M | Diff. | Med. | SD | M | Diff. | Med. | SD | M | Diff. | Med. | SD | M | Diff. | Med. | SD |
| In-class Work/College Support Tasks | ||||||||||||||||
| Finish Homework by Deadline | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.41 | −0.88 | 5 | 0.88 | 4.58 | −0.91 | 5 | 0.68 | 4.58 | −1.19 | 5 | 0.71 | 4.62 | −1.08 | 5 | 0.63 |
| Post | 3.53 | 3 | 1.18 | 3.67 | 3 | 1.67 | 3.39 | 3 | 1.28 | 3.55 | 4 | 1.27 | ||||
| Study when there are other interesting things to do | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.02 | −1.08 | 4 | 1.02 | 4.01 | −1.12 | 4 | 0.91 | 4.03 | −1.18 | 4 | 0.93 | 4.27 | −0.93 | 4 | 0.91 |
| Post | 2.93 | 3 | 1.28 | 2.81 | 3 | 1.30 | 2.84 | 3 | 1.33 | 3.34 | 3 | 1.32 | ||||
| Concentrate on school subjects | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.21 | −1.26 | 4 | 0.93 | 4.26 | −1.49 | 4 | 0.76 | 4.22 | −1.40 | 4 | 0.84 | 4.35 | −1.05 | 5 | 0.84 |
| Post | 2.95 | 3 | 1.30 | 2.77 | 3 | 1.32 | 2.82 | 3 | 1.30 | 3.30 | 3 | 1.38 | ||||
| Take class notes on instruction | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.38 | −1.35 | 5 | 0.87 | 4.28 | −1.59 | 5 | 1.06 | 4.33 | −1.52 | 5 | 1.03 | 4.50 | 1.34 | 5 | 0.94 |
| Post | 3.03 | 3 | 1.31 | 2.72 | 3 | 1.43 | 2.81 | 3 | 1.41 | 3.15 | 3 | 1.47 | ||||
| Use the library to get information for class assignments | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 3.85 | −1.34 | 4 | 1.22 | 3.93 | −1.59 | 4 | 1.28 | 3.94 | −1.47 | 4 | 1.28 | 4.30 | −1.51 | 5 | 1.01 |
| Post | 2.51 | 2 | 1.28 | 2.37 | 2 | 1.43 | 2.46 | 2 | 1.45 | 2.79 | 3 | 1.33 | ||||
| Study Habits outside of Class | ||||||||||||||||
| Plan your schoolwork | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.18 | −1.01 | 4 | 1.06 | 4.39 | −1.15 | 5 | 0.85 | 4.34 | −1.05 | 5 | 0.90 | 4.48 | −1.09 | 5 | 0.79 |
| Post | 3.17 | 3 | 1.32 | 3.25 | 3 | 1.42 | 3.29 | 3 | 1.40 | 3.39 | 3 | 1.36 | ||||
| Organize your schoolwork | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.20 | −0.97 | 4 | 0.93 | 4.40 | −1.06 | 5 | 0.83 | 4.36 | −1.01 | 5 | 0.92 | 4.43 | −1.01 | 5 | 0.79 |
| Post | 3.23 | 4 | 1.35 | 3.35 | 4 | 1.45 | 3.34 | 4 | 1.41 | 3.41 | 4 | 1.36 | ||||
| Remember information presented in class and/or in textbooks | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.38 | −1.44 | 5 | 0.74 | 4.29 | −1.41 | 4 | 0.82 | 4.27 | −1.40 | 4 | 0.85 | 4.37 | −1.22 | 5 | 0.86 |
| Post | 2.94 | 3 | 1.24 | 2.88 | 3 | 1.33 | 2.87 | 3 | 1.31 | 3115 | 3 | 1.27 | ||||
| Arrange a place to study without distractions | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.19 | −1.34 | 5 | 1.05 | 4.32 | −1.41 | 5 | 0.90 | 4.27 | −1.31 | 5 | 0.98 | 4.37 | 1.12 | 5 | 0.85 |
| Post | 2.87 | 3 | 1.38 | 2.91 | 3 | 1.50 | 2.96 | 3 | 1.48 | 3.25 | 3 | 1.44 | ||||
| Motivate yourself to do schoolwork | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.15 | −1.33 | 4 | 1.11 | 4.17 | −1.59 | 4 | 0.87 | 4.15 | −1.53 | 4 | 0.94 | 4.34 | −1.28 | 5 | 0.88 |
| Post | 2.82 | 3 | 1.40 | 2.58 | 2 | 1.38 | 2.63 | 2 | 1.39 | 3.05 | 3 | 1.36 | ||||
| Participate in class discussions | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre | 4.33 | −1.22 | 5 | 0.99 | 4.33 | −1.32 | 5 | 0.89 | 4.30 | −1.29 | 5 | 0.93 | 4.54 | −1.21 | 5 | 0.88 |
| Post | 3.12 | 3.5 | 1.46 | 3.01 | 3 | 1.50 | 3.01 | 3 | 1.47 | 3.33 | 4 | 1.45 | ||||