Table 1.
Demographic characteristics for total sample, cisgender adolescents, transgender adolescents, and gender identity subgroups
| Full Sample (N = 3318) | All Cisgender (n = 1369) | All Transgender (n = 1938) | Cisgender female (n = 982) | Cisgender male (n = 387) | Transgender male (n = 986) | Transgender female (n = 132) | Nonbinary assigned female (n = 639) | Nonbinary assigned male (n = 84) | Questioning gender identity (n = 97) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Age | 15.9 | 1.2 | 15.8 | 1.1 | 15.9 | 1.2 | 15.8 | 1.1 | 15.9 | 1.1 | 15.9 | 1.2 | 16.1 | 1.2 | 15.9 | 1.2 | 16.0 | 1.1 | 15.4 | 1.1 |
| Subjective social status | 5.6 | 1.6 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 5.2 | 1.3 |
| N | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 2148 | 65 | 841 | 62 | 1298 | 67 | 604 | 62 | 237 | 62 | 674 | 68 | 81 | 61 | 432 | 68 | 54 | 64 | 57 | 59 |
| Black | 165 | 5 | 100 | 7 | 65 | 3 | 81 | 8 | 19 | 5 | 23 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 31 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Hispanic | 313 | 9 | 148 | 11 | 165 | 9 | 106 | 11 | 42 | 11 | 88 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 48 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 12 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 134 | 4 | 75 | 6 | 59 | 3 | 54 | 6 | 21 | 5 | 28 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| American Indian | 41 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Mixed | 363 | 11 | 134 | 10 | 228 | 12 | 86 | 9 | 48 | 12 | 119 | 12 | 13 | 10 | 75 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
| Black Mixed | 122 | 4 | 49 | 4 | 72 | 4 | 37 | 4 | 12 | 3 | 39 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| Other | 16 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Missing | 16 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Educational status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| High school | 2794 | 84 | 1177 | 86 | 1608 | 83 | 861 | 88 | 316 | 82 | 840 | 85 | 98 | 74 | 519 | 81 | 64 | 76 | 87 | 90 |
| College | 245 | 7 | 90 | 7 | 155 | 8 | 63 | 6 | 27 | 7 | 75 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 62 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 2 |
| Not in school | 120 | 4 | 24 | 2 | 95 | 5 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 51 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 33 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Missing | 159 | 5 | 78 | 6 | 80 | 4 | 41 | 4 | 37 | 10 | 20 | 2 | 18 | 14 | 25 | 4 | 11 | 13 | 6 | 6 |
| Sexual orientation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight/Heterosexual | 711 | 21 | 647 | 47 | 64 | 3 | 426 | 43 | 221 | 57 | 49 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Gay/Lesbian | 533 | 16 | 160 | 12 | 368 | 19 | 80 | 8 | 80 | 21 | 195 | 20 | 30 | 23 | 103 | 16 | 23 | 27 | 17 | 18 |
| Bisexual/Pansexual | 1377 | 42 | 448 | 33 | 927 | 48 | 377 | 38 | 71 | 18 | 470 | 48 | 62 | 47 | 311 | 49 | 28 | 33 | 56 | 58 |
| Queer/Other | 620 | 19 | 74 | 5 | 542 | 28 | 67 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 257 | 26 | 22 | 17 | 219 | 34 | 25 | 30 | 19 | 20 |
| Questioning | 23 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Missing | 54 | 2 | 29 | 2 | 25 | 1 | 23 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Subjective social status was measured with the McArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, a measure of adolescents’ perceptions of their family’s social status as compared with all other families in American society, visualized by a 10-rung ladder with higher scores indicating higher subjective social status (range 1–10; Goodman et al., 2001)