Figure 1. Dose-Dependent Association Between Changes in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Excessive Weight Gain Without Substantial Fluctuation in Neighborhood SES.

Substantial fluctuation in neighborhood SES was defined as experiencing changes in ranking of 5 percentile points or more in the 1990 to 2000 period and 2000 to 2010 period, with changes within the 2 periods in opposite directions. Models were adjusted for age (continuous), race/ethnicity (ie, White, Black, or other), education (ie, <12 years, high school graduate, some college, or college and higher), neighborhood SES ranking in 1990 (continuous), physical activity (ie, never, rarely, 1-3 times/mo, 1-2 times/week, 3-4 times/week, ≥5 times/week), Healthy Eating Index score (continuous), smoking status (ie, current, former, or never), alcohol consumption status (ie, nondrinker, <2 drinks/wk, 2 drinks/wk to 1 drink/d, or ≥1 drink/d), and self-rated health (ie, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor). Black lines indicate odds ratios (ORs); shaded areas, 95% CIs.