Table 2. Trajectory of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Excessive Weight Gaina.
| Trajectory of neighborhood SES, OR (95% CI)b | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood SES in 1990 ≥ sample median | Neighborhood SES in 1990 < sample median | |||||||
| HHH | HLL | HHL | HLH | LLL | LHH | LLH | LHL | |
| Overall | ||||||||
| No. (%) | 4952 (9.9) | 704 (12.4) | 683 (11.7) | 375 (10.9) | 5912 (12.8) | 557 (10.4) | 648 (11.2) | 433 (11.2) |
| Model 1c | 1 [Reference] | 1.26 (1.16-1.37) | 1.20 (1.10-1.30) | 1.10 (0.99-1.23) | 1 [Reference] | 0.83 (0.76-0.91) | 0.89 (0.82-0.97) | 0.90 (0.81-1.00) |
| Model 2d | 1[Reference] | 1.22 (1.12-1.33) | 1.16 (1.06-1.26) | 1.09 (0.97-1.21) | 1 [Reference] | 0.85 (0.77-0.93) | 0.91 (0.83-0.99) | 0.90 (0.81-1.00) |
| Model 3e | 1 [Reference] | 1.19 (1.08-1.31) | 1.13 (1.04-1.24) | 1.06 (0.95-1.19) | 1 [Reference] | 0.87 (0.79-0.95) | 0.93 (0.85-1.01) | 0.92 (0.83-1.03) |
| Model 4f | 1 [Reference] | 1.16 (1.05-1.27) | 1.11 (1.01-1.21) | 1.06 (0.94-1.19) | 1 [Reference] | 0.89 (0.81-0.98) | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) | 0.93 (0.83-1.04) |
| Women | ||||||||
| No. (%) | 2541 (14.5) | 404 (16.7) | 369 (16.5) | 216 (15.0) | 3418 (16.6) | 310 (15.9) | 358 (15.4) | 237 (16.0) |
| Model 1c | 1 [Reference] | 1.22 (1.09-1.37) | 1.18 (1.05-1.32) | 1.08 (0.93-1.26) | 1 [Reference] | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) | 0.91 (0.81-1.03) | 0.94 (0.81-1.10) |
| Model 2d | 1 [Reference] | 1.20 (1.07-1.35) | 1.15 (1.02-1.29) | 1.07 (0.92-1.25) | 1 [Reference] | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) | 0.91 (0.81-1.03) | 0.94 (0.80-1.09) |
| Model 3e | 1 [Reference] | 1.21 (1.06-1.38) | 1.16 (1.02-1.31) | 1.08 (0.92-1.27) | 1 [Reference] | 0.99 (0.87-1.13) | 0.94 (0.83-1.07) | 0.98 (0.83-1.14) |
| Model 4f | 1 [Reference] | 1.18 (1.04-1.35) | 1.14 (1.00-1.29) | 1.07 (0.92-1.26) | 1 [Reference] | 1.01 (0.89-1.16) | 0.96 (0.84-1.09) | 0.98 (0.83-1.15) |
| Men | ||||||||
| No. (%) | 2411 (7.4) | 300 (9.2) | 314 (8.8) | 159 (7.9) | 2494 (9.8) | 247 (7.3) | 290 (8.4) | 196 (8.3) |
| Model 1c | 1 [Reference] | 1.30 (1.15-1.48) | 1.22 (1.07-1.38) | 1.13 (0.96-1.33) | 1 [Reference] | 0.72 (0.63-0.83) | 0.87 (0.77-0.98) | 0.85 (0.73-0.99) |
| Model 2d | 1 [Reference] | 1.25 (1.10-1.42) | 1.16 (1.02-1.31) | 1.10 (0.94-1.30) | 1 [Reference] | 0.75 (0.65-0.86) | 0.90 (0.80-1.02) | 0.86 (0.75-0.99) |
| Model 3e | 1 [Reference] | 1.17 (1.02-1.35) | 1.11 (0.97-1.26) | 1.05 (0.88-1.24) | 1 [Reference] | 0.76 (0.66-0.88) | 0.91 (0.80-1.03) | 0.87 (0.74-1.02) |
| Model 4f | 1 [Reference] | 1.13 (0.98-1.31) | 1.06 (0.93-1.21) | 1.04 (0.88-1.23) | 1 [Reference] | 0.78 (0.67-0.91) | 0.94 (0.82-1.06) | 0.89 (0.75-1.04) |
Abbreviations: HHH, high in 1990 to high in 2000 to high in 2010, or stable high; HLL, high-low-low, or early decline; HHL, high-high-low, or late decline; HLH, high-low-high, or transient decline; LLL, low-low-low, or stable low; LHH, low-high-high, or early improvement; LLH, low-low-high, or late improvement; LHL, low-high-low, or transient improvement; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status.
Excessive weight gain was defined as gaining 10% or more of baseline body weight.
Trajectories of neighborhood SES were defined based on the median values of year-specific rankings, where H indicated rankings at or above the median and L indicated rankings below the median.
Model 1 adjusted for age (continuous) and sex (ie, men and women, for overall analysis alone).
Model 2 adjusted for variables in model 1, race/ethnicity (ie, White, Black, or other), and education (ie, <12 y, high school graduate, some college, college and higher).
Model 3 adjusted for variables in model 2 and neighborhood SES ranking in 1990 (continuous).
Model 4 adjusted for variables in model 3 and physical activity (ie, never, rarely, 1-3 times/mo, 1-2 times/wk, 3-4 times/wk, or ≥5 times/wk), Healthy Eating Index score (continuous), smoking status (ie, current, former, or never), alcohol consumption status (ie, nondrinker, <2 drinks/wk, 2 drinks/wk to 1 drink/d, or ≥1 drink/d), and self-rated health (ie, excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor).