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(a) In vitro cytotoxicity of the PDT and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) combination therapy on the CaSki cells evaluated by the MTT assay (n = 6). (b) DCF fluorescence intensity measured using a flow cytometer for determining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the CaSki cells treated with free Pheo a and PPHE polymeric nanoparticles after laser irradiation and CAP treatment (n = 4). * p < 0.05 for comparison between two treatment groups.
