Effect of Bruch’s membrane-derived extracellular matrix bioink (BM-ECM) for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maturation. (a) Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values at various times. (b) Expression of ZO-1 for tight junction, (c) Ezrin for microvilli formation, and (d) digested polystyrene beads for phagocytosis activity. (e) Ratios of digested beads numbers to nucleus numbers. (f) Secretion of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in apical and basal medium for polarized PEDF secretion. (g) Expression of RPE65 for phototransduction in ARPE-19 cultured on BM-ECM- (BM-ECM) or laminin-coated Transwell (Laminin). Scale bar: (b) 50 μm, (c) 5 μm, (d), and (g) 20 μm. The error bars represent the standard deviation. The data were compared using Student’s t-test and differences were considered significant when * for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, and *** for p < 0.001 (n = 3).