Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of total cohort with/without lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte counts [ALCs] < 1000/mm3).
| Variables (Total, n = 4052) | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALCs < 1000/mm3 (n = 786) |
ALCs ≥ 1000/mm3 (n = 3266) |
p-Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p-Value | |
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <60 years | 325 (41.3%) | 2181 (66.8%) | 1 | ||
| ≥60 years | 461 (58.7%) | 1085 (33.2%) | 1.75 (1.44–2.13) | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 425 (54.1%) | 2057 (63.0%) | 1 | ||
| Male | 361 (45.9%) | 1209 (37.0%) | 1.56 (1.3–1.87) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, baseline (missing, n = 82) | 0.143 | - | |||
| <140 mmHg, no (%) | 474 (61.2%) | 2045 (64.1%) | - | ||
| ≥140 mmHg, no (%) | 301 (38.8%) | 1147 (35.9%) | - | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, baseline (missing, n = 175) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <80 mmHg, no (%) | 336 (43.4%) | 1151 (36.1%) | 1 | ||
| ≥80 mmHg, no (%) | 349 (56.6%) | 2041 (63.9%) | 0.75 (0.63–0.9) | ||
| Heart rate, baseline (missing, n = 71) | 0.007 | 0.393 | |||
| <110/min | 701 (90.2%) | 2984 (93.1%) | 1 | ||
| ≥110/min | 76 (9.8%) | 220 (6.9%) | 1.15 (0.83–1.57) | ||
| Body temperature, baseline (missing, n= 13) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <38 °C | 666 (84.9%) | 3138 (96.4%) | 1 | ||
| ≥8 °C | 118 (15.1%) | 117 (3.6%) | 3.73 (2.77–5.02) | ||
| Presentation of sputum, baseline | 0.797 | - | |||
| Yes | 227 (28.9%) | 961 (29.4%) | - | ||
| No | 559 (71.1%) | 2305 (70.6%) | - | ||
| Presentation of fatigue, baseline | <0.001 | 0.061 | |||
| Yes | 52 (6.6%) | 118 (3.6%) | 1 | ||
| No | 734 (93.4%) | 3148 (96.4%) | 0.69 (0.48–1.02) | ||
| Presentation of dyspnea, baseline | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 216 (27.5%) | 342 (10.5%) | 1 | ||
| No | 570 (72.5%) | 2924 (89.5%) | 0.42 (0.34–0.53) | ||
| Presentation of mental disturbance, baseline | <0.001 | 0.623 | |||
| Yes | 15 (1.9%) | 14 (0.4%) | 1 | ||
| No | 771 (98.1%) | 3252 (99.6%) | 0.81 (0.35–1.89) | ||
| Presentation of nausea/vomiting, baseline | 0.002 | 0.136 | |||
| Yes | 58 (7.4%) | 151 (4.6%) | 1 | ||
| No | 728 (92.6%) | 3115 (95.4%) | 0.76 (0.54–1.1) | ||
| Presentation of diarrhea, baseline | 0.327 | - | |||
| Yes | 81 (10.3%) | 297 (9.1%) | - | ||
| No | 705 (89.7%) | 2969 (90.9%) | - | ||
| Comorbidity of cancer with active treatment # | 0.002 | 0.084 | |||
| Yes | 40 (5.1%) | 93 (2.8%) | 1 | ||
| No | 746 (94.9%) | 3173 (97.2%) | 0.69 (0.45–1.06) | ||
| Comorbidity of diabetes | <0.001 | 0.381 | |||
| Yes | 181 (23.0%) | 421 (12.9%) | 1 | ||
| No | 605 (77.0%) | 2845 (87.1%) | 0.9 (0.72–1.13) | ||
| Comorbidity of hypertension | <0.001 | 0.01 | |||
| Yes | 308 (39.2%) | 713 (21.8%) | 1 | ||
| No | 478 (60.8%) | 2553 (78.2%) | 0.76 (0.63–0.94) | ||
| Comorbidity of chronic cardiac disease | <0.001 | 0.956 | |||
| Yes | 62 (7.9%) | 130 (4.0%) | 1 | ||
| No | 724 (92.1%) | 3136 (96.0%) | 1.01 (0.45–1.45) | ||
| Comorbidity of pulmonary disease $ | 0.035 | 0.962 | |||
| Yes | 36 (4.6%) | 98 (3.0%) | 1 | ||
| No | 750 (95.4%) | 3168 (97.0%) | 0.99 (0.65–1.56) | ||
| Comorbidity of chronic renal disease | <0.001 | 0.019 | |||
| Yes | 24 (3.1%) | 23 (0.7%) | 1 | ||
| No | 762 (96.9%) | 3243 (98.6%) | 0.46 (0.24–0.88) | ||
| Comorbidity of hepatic disease † | 0.019 | 0.485 | |||
| Yes | 21 (2.7%) | 46 (1.4%) | 1 | ||
| No | 765 (97.3%) | 3220 (98.6%) | 0.81 (0.45–1.49) | ||
| Comorbidity of autoimmune disease | 0.112 | - | |||
| Yes | 10 (1.3%) | 21 (0.6%) | - | ||
| No | 776 (98.7%) | 3245 (99.4%) | - | ||
| Comorbidity of dementia | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 84 (10.7%) | 129 (3.9%) | 1 | ||
| No | 702 (89.3%) | 3137 (96.1%) | 0.55 (0.4–0.76) | ||
| Hemoglobin (missing, n = 7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <12.5 g/dL | 319 (40.6%) | 859 (26.4%) | 1 | ||
| ≥12.5 g/dL | 467 (59.4%) | 2400 (73.6%) | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) | ||
| Platelet counts (missing, n = 1) | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||
| <100,000/mm3 | 44 (5.6%) | 45 (1.4%) | 1 | ||
| ≥100,000/mm3 | 742 (94.4%) | 3220 (98.6%) | 0.43 (0.26–0.7) | ||
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; ALC, absolute lymphocyte counts # For a patient whose cancer had been completely cured was not accounted for in the analysis; $ Comorbidities such as asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease were included; † Subjects with chronic hepatitis were included.