| NP | Nanoparticles |
| CP | Commercially Pure |
| SRXRF | Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy |
| PLM | Polarized light microscopy |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SLA | Sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched |
| TLR | Toll-like receptors |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| BMP-2 | Bone morphogenetic proteins-2 |