Figure 1.

Breathing re-education is based on three dimensions. The causes of dysfunctional breathing are biomechanical, biochemical and psychological. Breathing re-education (BRE) approaches these from three dimensions, each underpinned by full-time nasal breathing. (1) Biomechanical, breathe low to engage the diaphragm. (2) Biochemical, breathe light, reduce tidal volume and lessen chemosensitivity to CO₂. (3) Resonant frequency—slow breathing at six breaths per minute.