Table 2.

Manually programmed lines of code for a minimal producer and subscriber pair, as well as every transported variable. The corresponding code listings can be found as supplementary material and in a public git repository.

Protocol	Initial Deployment		Migration
	${\mathit{LoC}}_{\mathit{Pair}}$	${\mathit{LoC}}_{\mathit{Var}}$	${\mathit{LoC}}_{\mathit{Pair}}$	${\mathit{LoC}}_{\mathit{Var}}$
AMQP	67	2	48	0
Beckhoff ADS	81	2	62	0
Apache Kafka	74	2	55	0
MQTT	51	2	32	0
OPC UA	114	2	95	0
MEAN	77.4	2	58.4	0