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Effect of Indoxyl Sulfate (IS; 800 mg/kg; i.p.) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; (A)), interleukin-6 (IL-6; (B)) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β; (C)) levels in mice serum after 3 h or 6 h of treatment, evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Values are expressed as pg/mL of cytokines release. ***, ** and * denote respectively p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 vs. SHAM; °°° denotes p < 0.001 vs. IS 3 h.
