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. 2021 Jan 25;10(3):459. doi: 10.3390/jcm10030459

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The relationship between lifespan and development of the gut microbiota. Many factors influence gut microbiota development, and certain critical time points in life are associated with the maturation of both the gut microbiota and the immune system. At infancy, if dysbiosis occurs due to factors such as prematurity, CS delivery, NICU admission, antibiotic usage, etc., the development and lifelong functions of many host physiological systems could be affected, leading to disease.