Table 1.

Recent analytical research technologies applied to metabolite profiling. The major omics techniques, functionalities benefits, and ability to support to metabolomics/metagenomics analysis.

Methods	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Sequencing	High throughput, massively parallel, amplifying the lowest abundant structures	Low molecular diversity: nucleic acids only	[17,18]
NMR	Nondestructive method, minimal sample preparation, quantitative analysis, tissue analysis	Lower sensitivity, low molecular diversity	[2,14,19]
MS (LC/GC)	Destructive method, capable of depicting volatile compounds, not fully quantitative, target analysis	Partial molecular diversity, less reproducible	[12,13]
CE-MS	Relatively lower cost than other methods	-	[20,21]
HPLC-MS	Extensive molecular diversity, robust	Low sensitivity	[22,23]
Raman micro spectroscopy	3D evidence, high throughput, structural information, nondestructive enabling	Low sensitivity than MS and NMR	[24,25]
Immunochemistry	Low throughput, high specificity	Targeted analysis	[26,27]

NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; MS, mass spectrometry; CE, capillary electrophoresis; GC, gas chromatography; HPLC: high pressure liquid chromatography; LC, liquid chromatography.