Table 3.
Descriptive statistics (in ms) of the heel-strike and toe-off identification, as well as swing/stance/stride time estimation, with respect to the reference system (force platform).
| Method | Mean | SD | RMSE | U | U10 | 95%CI | p | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heel-strike identification | ||||||||
| Heel-strike and toe-off (1a, 1b) | −20 | 111 | 113 | 7 | 35 | −33, −6 | - | - |
| Stance vs. swing (2) | −3 | 59 | 59 | 4 | 19 | −11, 5 | - | - |
| Toe-off identification | ||||||||
| Heel-strike and toe-off (1a, 1b) | 95 | 233 | 251 | 21 | 74 | 54, 136 | - | - |
| Stance vs. swing (2) | 19 | 165 | 166 | 15 | 52 | −13, 50 | - | - |
| Stance phase estimation | ||||||||
| Heel-strike and toe-off (1a, 1b) | −113 | 214 | 241 | 19 | 68 | −150, −75 | <0.001 | 0.514 |
| Stance vs. swing (2) | −26 | 168 | 169 | 16 | 53 | −50, 5 | 0.098 | 0.158 |
| Swing phase estimation | ||||||||
| Heel-strike and toe-off (1a, 1b) | 39 | 221 | 224 | 20 | 70 | 0, 78 | 0.048 | 0.205 |
| Stance vs. swing (2) | 5 | 179 | 178 | 17 | 56 | −29, 38 | 0.782 | 0.034 |
| Stride time | ||||||||
| Heel-strike and toe-off (1a, 1b) | −74 | 140 | 158 | 12 | 44 | −98, −49 | <0.001 | 0.258 |
| Stance vs. swing (2) | −22 | 79 | 81 | 7 | 25 | −36, −7 | 0.004 | 0.122 |
ES: Cohen’s d effect size; RMSE: root mean square error; U: standard error of the mean; U10: standard error of the mean on 10 strides; p: paired t-tests.