Table 1.

NLRP3 inflammasome targeting study of natural extraction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Origin of Extraction	Target Indication	Cell or Animal Model	Inducer	Mode of Action and Target Signal	Ref.
Epimedii Folium and Curculiginis Rhizoma	AD	SD rats	Aβ1–42	↓ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, NLRP-3, ASC, caspase-1, MAPKs, NF-κB, MyD88, cathepsin B ↑ Spatial learning and memory ability	[38]
Virgin coconut oil	AD	Wistar rats	Aβ1–40, HFD	↓ TAC, TOS, glutathione, IL-1β, caspase-1, NLRP3, Aβ plaque formation, phosphorylated tau↓ Spatial memory and learning ability, cell density in CA1 region	[34]
Oleocanthal-rich extra-virgin olive oil	AD	TgSwDI mice	Transgenes	↓ Aβ load and plaque, IbaⅠ, MMP9, TRPA-1, protein carbonyl, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-10 ↑ SOD, autophagy, PSD-95, synapsin-1, SNAP-25	[35]
Lychee seed polyphenol	AD	BV-2, PC-12 cells APP/PS1 mice	Aβ1–42 Transgenes	↓ NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, cell death, apoptosis, NLRP3 inflammasome ↑ Autophagy, cognitive function	[40,41]
		bEnd.3 cells APP/PS1 mice	Aβ25-35 Transgenes	↓ NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome ↑ Cell viability and permeability, TJs, autophagy, spatial learning and memory function
Picrorhiza kurroa	AD	5xFAD mice	Transgenes	↓ Aβ burden, IbaⅠ, IL-1β, NLRP3, caspase-1, C99, BACE1 ↑ Cognitive function, FIZZ1	[39]
Bushen-Yizhi formula	PD	BV-2 cells C57BL/6 mice	MPP+ MPTP	↓ Motor impairment, dopaminergic neurons neurodegeneration, NLRP3, IL-1β caspase-1, ASC	[47]
Antrodia comphorata	PD	C57BL/6 mice	6-OHDA	↓ NLRP3 inflammasome ↑ Neurobehavior, dopamine	[48,49]
	PD	MES23.5 cells C57BL/6 mice	6-OHDA	↓ NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, caspase-1, ROS ↑ Dopaminergic neuron protection