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. 2021 Jan 28;13(3):499. doi: 10.3390/cancers13030499

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Imaging of hypoxia levels. (A) Optical pO₂ imaging of tumor in a dorsal skinfold chamber. The image with hypoxia level distribution is indicated. (B) Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging of a tumor grown on the mouse back. Images with hypoxia level distribution are indicated. (C) Illustration of a positron emission tomography (PET) image showing uptake of hypoxia specific tracer (left), and pO₂ image based on the converted PET signal (right). The relationship between uptake (PET signal) and pO₂ is indicated. (D) Diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) images showing apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), reflecting oxygen consumption, (left, upper) and fractional blood volume (fBV), reflecting oxygen supply (left, lower), and the combined hypoxia level image (right). The images were collected from a patient with prostate cancer, and the DW-MR images are overlaid on T₂ weighted images of the pelvis. (A–D) Hypoxia levels are indicated by the color code, with approximate oxygen concentrations (% O₂) and tensions (mmHg) provided by the x-axis in Figure 1C.