Table 2.
Antimicrobial activity of individual compounds from EO against different microorganisms.
| Antimicrobial activity | Main Compound | Structure | Microorganism | MIC/IC50 | MBC/MFC | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a,bAntibacterial | Cinnamaldehyde |
|
Escherichia coli—S17 strain Methicillin-resistant S. aureus |
200 μg/mL 400 μg/mL |
0.3 mg/mL 0.5 mg/mL |
[50,53] |
| Carvacrol |
|
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus E. coli—S17 strain S. mutans—ATCC 25175 A. actinomycetemcomitans—ATCC 33384 |
200 μg/mL 200 μg/mL 400 μg/mL 200 μg/mL |
0.3 mg/mL 0.4 mg/mL 600 μg/mL 200 μg/mL |
[46,51,53,59] | |
| Thymol |
|
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus E. coli—S17 strain Methicillin-resistant S. aureus—ATCC 33591 E. coli—ATCC 10798 S. mutans ATCC 25175 A.actinomycetemcomitans—ATCC 33384 E. coli—ATCC 8739 S. aureus—ATCC 25923 B. cereus—ATCC 14579 S. typhimurium—ATCC 14028 |
200 μg/mL 200 μg/mL 200 μg/mL 200 μg/mL 200 μg/mL 100 μg/mL 7 μg/mL 7 μg/mL 7 μg/mL 3 μg/mL |
0.3 mg/mL 0.3 mg/mL 200 μg/mL 400 μg/mL 400 μg/mL 200 μg/mL 0.12 mg/mL 0.12 mg/mL Bacterial growth 0.12 mg/mL |
[46,51,52,53,60] | |
| β-caryophyllene and Squalene |
 β-caryophyllene  Squalene |
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus E. coli—S17 strain |
>4000 μg/mL >4000 μg/mL |
>4.0 mg/mL >4.0 mg/mL |
[53] | |
| Terpineol |
|
E. coli—ATCC 8739 S. aureus—ATCC 25923 B. cereus—ATCC 14579 S. typhimurium—ATCC 14028 |
60 μg/mL 30 μg/mL 120 μg/mL 120 μg/mL |
Bacterial growth 0.12 mg/mL Bacterial growth 0.25 |
[52,54] | |
| Benzoquinone - embelin |
 Benzoquinone  Embelin |
S. aureus—ATCC 6538 B. cereus—ATCC 10876 E. coli—ATCC 4157 Pseudomonas aeruginosa—ATCC 9027 |
20 μg/mL 20 μg/mL 45 μg/mL 25 μg/mL |
20 μg/mL 75 μg/mL 325 μg/mL 125 μg/mL |
[54,61] | |
| Carveol |
|
E. coli
S. aureus |
200 µg/mL 2000 µg/mL |
1500 µg/mL 2500 µg/mL |
[51] | |
| Citronellol |
|
E. coli
S. aureus |
5 µg/mL 375 µg/mL |
15 µg/mL 400 µg/mL |
[51] | |
| Citronellal |
|
E. coli
S. aureus |
300 µg/mL 400 µg/mL |
500 µg/mL 800 µg/mL |
[51] | |
| a,c Antifungal | Nerol |
|
A. niger
Aspergillus ochraceus Aspergillus flavus |
300 µg/mL 300 µg/mL 200 µg/mL |
300 µg/mL 500 µg/mL 200 µg/mL |
[62] |
| Thyme |
 p-cymene  Thymol  Linalool  α-terpineol  Sabinene hydrate |
A. alternata—air-borne C. globosum—air-borne |
250 μg/mL 250 μg/mL |
0.05% (w/v) 0.05% (w/v) |
[57] | |
| d Antiviral | Thymol |
|
Herpes simplex virus type 1 | 7 µM | [63] | |
| Carvacrol |
|
HSV-1 | 7 µM | [63] | ||
| Farnesol |
|
HSV-1 | 3.5 µg/mL | [64] | ||
| Eugenol |
|
HSV-1 | 35 µg/mL | [64] |
a MIC = Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. b MBC = Minimum Bactericidal Concentration. c MFC = Minimum Fungicidal Concentration. d IC50 = Inhibitory Concentration 50.