Table 3.
Summary of NAFLD-HCC predictors.
| Author | Publication Year | Study Population/Follow-Up Period | Diagnostic Method for NAFLD | HCC CumulativeIncidence | Risk Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hashimoto et al. [21] | 2009 | 382 NASH patients (34 NASH-HCC patients)/1990–2007 | Biopsy | 7.6%—5 yrs | Fibrosis, OR: 4.232, 95% CI: 1.847–9.698. Age, OR: 1.108, 95% CI: 1.028–1.195. AST, OR: 0.956, 95% CI: 0.919–0.995. Activity, OR: 0.154, 95% CI: 0.037–0.638. |
| Kawamura et al. [55] | 2012 | 6508 NAFLD patients/12 yrs | Ultrasound; Fibrosis graded by biopsy in 104 cases |
0.02%—4 yrs 0.2%—8 yrs 0.5%—12 yrs |
F3/4, HR: 25.03, 95%CI: 9.02–69.52. DM, HR: 3.21, 95%CI: 1.09–9.50. AST level ≥40 IU/L, HR: 8.20, 95% CI: 2.56–26.26. Platelet count <15 × 104/μL, HR: 7.19, 95% CI: 2.26–23.26. Age ≥60 years, HR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.30–14.01. |
| Tokushige et al. [57] | 2013 | 34 NAFLD-related cirrhosis patients/1990–2011 | Biopsy | 11.3%—5 yrs | Child-Pugh, HR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.374–6.934. Serum GGT, HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.002–1.022. Age, HR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.014–1.226. |
| Seko et al. [58] | 2017 | 312 NASH patients/1999–2014 | Biopsy | 1.9%—5 yrs 4.2%—6 yrs 8.3%—10 yrs |
F3/4, HR: 24.4, 95% CI: 2.07–288.2. PNPLA3 genotype GG, HR 6.36, 95% CI 1.36–29.80. |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; FIB-4, Fibrosis-4; GGT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; HR, hazard ratio; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; OR, odds ratio; PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3; yr, year.