AA	amino acid
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CaSR	calcium-sensing receptor
CoA	coenzyme A
CQA	caffeoylquinic acid
D3R	delphinidin 3-rutinoside
DAG	diacylglycerol
DPP-IV	dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2
GIP	glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide 1
GLP-1R	GLP-1 receptor
GPCR	G-protein coupled receptor
GP-AMC	Gly-Pro-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide
GSGS	glucose stimulated GLP-1 secretion
GSIS	glucose stimulated insulin secretion
GSPE	Grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins
FA	Fatty acid
FFAR	FA receptor
IP3	inositol trisphosphate
PDE	phosphodiesterase
PEPT	peptide transporter
PIP2	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
PLC	phospholipase C
PK	protein kinase
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acid
PYY	peptide tyrosine tyrosine
SCFA	short-chain FA
SGLT	sodium-dependent glucose transporter
T2D	type 2 diabetes
Tas1R	sweet taste receptor 1
Tas2R	sweet taste receptor 2
TRP	transient receptor potential
TRPA1	transient receptor potential ion channel A1
TRPM5	transient receptor potential channel M5