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. 2021 Jan 29;26(3):703. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030703

Table 1.

Polyphenolic compounds that regulate GLP-1 secretion via G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)- or cAMP- mediated mechanism.

Polyphenolic Compounds Chemical Structure Dose Model Effect on GLP1 Possible Mechanisms
Curcumin [125,127] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i001.jpg 10 μM
1.5 mg/kg b.w.		 Glutag L-cells,
Rat		 Increase GLP-1 secretion; increase plasma GLP-1 level GPR40/120-dependent pathway
Delphinidin 3-rutinoside [128] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i002.jpg 10 μM Glutag L-cells
 Increase GLP-1 secretion GPR40/120-dependent pathway
EGCG [145,146,147] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i003.jpg 300 μM
500 mg		 Mouse ileum segment, diabetic patients Increase GLP-1 secretion; increase plasma GLP-1 level Tas2Rs-dependent pathway
Genistein [165] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i004.jpg 20 mg/kg b.w. Alloxan-induced insulin deficient diabetic rats [165] Increase tissue content of GLP-1 cAMP signaling by activating AC
Grifolic acid [132] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i005.jpg 30 μM STC-1 cells Increase GLP-1 secretion GPR120/Ca2+ signaling
Grifolic acid methyl ether [132] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i006.jpg 30 μM STC-1 cells Increase GLP-1 secretion GPR120/Ca2+ signaling
Hispidulin [166] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i007.jpg 1 μM
20 mg/kg b.w.		 Glutag L-cell,
STZ-induced diabetic mice		 Increase GLP-1 secretion; increase plasma GLP-1 level Inhibiting PDE activity
Silymarin [169] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i008.jpg 100 mg/kg b.w. Obese rats Increased serum GLP-1 level Inhibiting PDE activity
Caffeoylquinic acid [173] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i009.jpg IC50: 0.49 mM Human plasma platelets Not applicable Inhibiting PDE activity
Caffeic acid [173] graphic file with name molecules-26-00703-i010.jpg IC50: 0.48 mM Human plasma platelets Not applicable Inhibiting PDE activity