Table 2.
Characteristics of all 123 included patients with confirmed Japanese encephalitis virus infection
| Variable | Total (n = 123) | Children (n = 70) | Adult (n = 53) | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 12.0 (7.5–18.8) | 8.0 (5.0–10.2) | 20.0 (17.1–32.1) | |
| Female | 53 (43.1%) | 30 (542.9%) | 23 (43.4%) | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Number of days of fever, median (IQR) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–7) | 0.526 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Headache* | 104 (88.9%) | 59 (92.2%) | 45 (84.9%) | 0.212 |
| (n = 169) | (n = 64) | (n = 53) | ||
| Vomiting | 73 (59.4%) | 40 (57.1%) | 33 (62.3%) | 0.567 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Myalgia* | 54 (46.6%) | 21 (33.3%) | 33 (62.3%) | 0.002 |
| (n = 116) | (n = 63) | (n = 53) | ||
| Visual loss* | 6 (4.9%) | 3 (4.4%) | 3 (5.7%) | 0.528‡ |
| (n = 122) | (n = 69) | (n = 53) | ||
| Diarrhea | 6 (4.9%) | 6 (8.6%) | 0 | 0.029 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | |||
| Cough | 18 (14.6%) | 10 (14.3%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.900 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Anorexia* | 76 (61.8%) | 43 (61.4%) | 33 (62.3%) | 0.925 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Signs | ||||
| Glasgow Coma Score, median (IQR) | 12 (9–14) | 11 (8–13.5) | 13 (10–15) | 0.087 |
| (n = 119) | (n = 68) | (n = 51) | ||
| Irritability | 74 (60.2%) | 46 (65.7%) | 28 (52.8%) | 0.148 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Confusion | 71 (57.7%) | 38 (54.3%) | 33 (62.3%) | 0.375 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Drowsiness | 102 (82.9%) | 59 (84.3%) | 43 (81.1%) | 0.645 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Seizure or convulsion | 62 (50.4%) | 50 (71.4%) | 12 (22.6%) | < 0.001 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Stiff neck | 111 (90.2%) | 63 (90.0%) | 48 (90.6%) | 0.917 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Limb weakness | 36 (29.3%) | 25 (35.7%) | 11 (20.8%) | 0.071 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Hepatomegaly | 13 (10.6%) | 7 (10.0%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.813 |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Splenomegaly | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 1 (1.9%) | 0.431‡ |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Jaundice | 4 (3.3%) | 2 (2.9%) | 3 (3.8%) | 1.000‡ |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Rash | 4 (3.3%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (3.8%) | 1.000‡ |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Lymph node | 2 (1.6%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.000‡ |
| (n = 123) | (n = 70) | (n = 53) | ||
| Syndrome | ||||
| AES | 102§ (84.3%) | 63 (91.3%) | 39 (75.0%) | 0.015 |
| (n = 121) | (n = 69) | (n = 52) | ||
AES = acute encephalitis syndrome. Data shown as the number (%) unless indicated.
Only ask for children ≥ 5 years. Children: < 15 years, adult: ≥ 15 years.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for continuous variables and the chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.
Fisher’s exact test.
Nineteen patients were not classified as AES; 15 had meningitis: fever and neck stiffness; four did not meet the criteria for AES either meningitis: one had GCS < 15 but not fever, the three other had normal GCS, no neck stiffness or seizure, but they had other symptoms or signs such as headache, limb weakness, visual loss, vomiting, or myalgia. No significant difference in outcome was observed between the patients classified as non-AES and the patients classified as AES.