Table 2.
Factors associated with wearing a face mask, handwashing/sanitizing, and social distancing
| Variable | Wearing a face mask, aOR (95% CI) | Practicing handwashing/sanitizing, aOR (95% CI) | Practicing social distancing, aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.1) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) |
| Mother's education | |||
| No formal education | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) |
| Secondary or higher education | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) |
| Father's education | |||
| No formal education | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) |
| Secondary or higher education | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) |
| Program of study | |||
| Science | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Arts | 0.8 (0.3, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.4) |
| Business | 0.8 (0.3, 1.8) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.1) |
| Technical | 0.5 (0.2, 1.2) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8)* | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) |
| Home economics/catering/agricultural | 0.9 (0.4, 2.3) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.8) |
| Has health insurance | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) |
| Place of residence when school is not in session | |||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Urban | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) |
| Knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms | |||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Knowing one or more symptoms | 0.4 (0.1, 2.3) | 0.6 (0.1, 2.7) | 0.6 (0.1, 3.0) |
| COVID-19 can be transmitted via droplets from the nose or mouth | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 3.0 (1.1, 7.9)* | 1.9 (0.9, 3.9) | 2.1 (1.0, 4.5) ** |
| COVID-19 can be transmitted by touching droplets on surface or objects | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.7 (0.3, 1.7) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.7) |
| Asymptomatic person with COVID-19 can transmit the virus | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.0 (1.2, 3.6)* | 1.5 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) |
| COVID-19 can be transmitted among adolescents and young adults | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.3) |
| Avoiding crowdedness in public places can prevent COVID-19 | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.5 (0.1, 2.7) | 2.6 (0.4, 17.4) | 1.8 (0.3, 10.5) |
| Covering the nose and mouth while coughing can prevent COVID-19 | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.6 (0.2, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.4, 3.4) | 1.3 (0.5, 3.6) |
| Avoiding touching of the eyes, nose, and mouth can prevent COVID-19 | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.6 (0.7, 3.7) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.3) |
| No need for preventive measures; COVID-19 is not deadly | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) ** | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) ** | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) |
| Heard of COVID-19 via an educational/training program | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) |
aOR = adjusted odds ratio. * = significant at P-value < 0.05; ** = significant at P-value < 0.05, but CI includes the null value which is because of the rounding effect; 1 = reference category.