Table 1.
Major phosphorylation sites with assigned function present within focal adhesion (FA) proteins.
| FA Protein Phosphorylation Events with an Assigned Biological Function | |
|---|---|
| Phosphorylation Site | Function |
| Paxillin—As summarized in [46] | |
| Tyr 31; Tyr 118; Ser 178 | Regulation of Cell Migration and FA Turnover [165,166,167,168] |
| Ser 106; Ser 231; Ser 290 | Regulation of Pax disassembly from FAs [169,170] |
| Ser 126; Ser 130 | Translocation of Pax from FAs to the cytosol [171] |
| Ser 398; Ser 403; Ser 457; Ser 481 | Adhesion regulation; Pax localization at FAs [172,173] |
| Ser 272 | Regulation of Ras activity; adhesion/protrusion; inhibition of nuclear export [142] |
| Ser 188; Ser 190 | Integrin Activation [174] |
| Talin—As mapped in [175] | |
| Thr 114; Thr 150 | Negative regulation of integrin activation; Regulation of calpain-mediated cleavage of talin and FA turnover [176,177,178] |
| Thr 152 | Talin recruitment to integrin adhesion sites and maintaining muscle attachment in Drosophila [179] |
| Ser 425 | Inhibits binding to Smurf1—thereby preventing talin head ubiquitylation and degradation; Favors adhesion assembly, talin activity and integrin activation [98] |
| Ser 446 | Regulation of calpain-mediated cleavage of talin and FA turnover [178] |
| Vinculin | |
| Tyr 100; Tyr 1065 | Favors activation by promoting talin and actin binding; Regulates binding to the Arp2/3 complex; Focal adhesion development and maturation [180,181,182] |
| Ser 1033; Ser 1045 | Favors activation by promoting talin and actin binding; Focal adhesion development and maturation [181] |
| p130Cas | |
| Tyr 249; Tyr 410 | Binding sites for Crk SH2 domain [183] |
| Ser 139; Ser 437; Ser 639 | Intracellular localization [184] |
| Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) | |
| Tyr 397 | Major site of FAK autophosphorylation; Binding site for the SH2 domain of Src [185] |
| Tyr 861 | Major site of phosphorylation by Src [186] |
| Tyr 576; Tyr 577 | Promotes open FAK conformation; Facilitates scaffold and kinase functions [124] |
| Tyr 925 | Promotes Grb2 SH2-mediated binding [187] |
| Tyr 194 | Activation through relief of autoinhibition [188] |
| Src—As summarized in [189] | |
| Tyr 213 | Activation [190] |
| Tyr 527 | Autoinhibitory phosphorylation site—promotes an inactive conformation [191] |
| Tyr 416 | Activation from autophosphorylation [192] |
| Ser 17 | Facilitates activation of the small G protein Rap1 [126] |
| Thr 34; Thr 46; Ser 72 | Activation of pTyrosine527 Src [193] |
| α-actinin-4 | |
| Tyr 4; Tyr 31 | Reduces actin binding behavior [194] |
| Tyr 265 | Enhanced actin binding behavior; Susceptibility to calpain-mediated cleavage [195] |
| Zyxin | |
| Ser 142 | Regulates release from autoinhibitory head: tail interaction; cell-cell adhesion regulation [127] |
| RIAM | |
| Tyr 340 | Translocation to plasma membrane; β2 integrin designated lymphocyte functional antigen 1 (LFA-1) activation [196] |
| Tyr 45 | Release of autoinhibitory configuration [123] |