Table 1.

Mean oxygen transfer rate of several types of stoppers *.

Type	Size Range (Length × Diameter) (mm)	Oxygen Transfer Rate (mg/Year) **	References
Natural cork	49 × 24	5.5	[28]
	45 × 24	6.37	[45]
	44.7 × 24	2.03	[46]
	45 × 24	14.25	[34]
	45 × 24	3.65	[37]
Agglomerated cork	45 × 24	2.62	[45]
	45 × 24	1.8	[47]
	Not mentioned	0.78	[48]
	45 × 24	1.68	[49]
	45 × 24	2.68	[49]
Technical stopper	43.6 × 23.7	2.03	[46]
	44 × 24	1.8	[29]
	44 × 24	1.9	[47]
	49 × 24.2	0.61	[43]
	49 × 24.2	0.38	[43]
Molded Synthetic	44.6 × 21	6.8	[46]
	44.7 × 21	20.8	[45]
	43 × 22	6.5	[47]
	Not mentioned	22.25	[42]
	Not mentioned	6.95	[42]
Extruded synthetic	43 × 22	13.65	[45]
	23 × 38	3.28	[50]
	23 × 38	6.57	[50]
	38 × 24	9.38	[37]
	38 (length)	4.34	[25]
Screw cap	31.5 (diameter)	2.52	[29]
	31.5 (diameter)	1.82	[29]
	Not mentioned	0.23	[46]
	60 × 30	0.5	[47]
	Not mentioned	0.31	[37]

* Data shown indicate measures taken on the closure alone with appropriate seals and equipment (i.e., metal tubes/rings), chemical oxygen determination methods in wine or data provided by producers. ** Oxygen transfer rate units from literature have been calculated and/or extrapolated to mg year⁻¹ for practical purposes, when necessary.