Figure 3.

Macrophage functions. Neutrophil migration (A), monocyte migration (B), CXCL-1 levels (C), CCL-2 levels (D) and phagocytosis (E). For migration experiments, macrophages were incubated with CM, CM-EV, EX, or MV in the presence or absence of LPS for 20 h. Then, neutrophils or monocytes were added to the upper compartment of the transwells and after 4 h, the migrated cells were quantified by flow cytometry. CXCL-1 and CCL-2 were measured by ELISA in the supernatants of neutrophil or monocyte migration assays, respectively. Macrophage phagocytosis of fluorescent polystyrene beads was determined by flow cytometry. B: cells incubated with control medium and not stimulated with LPS. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6) from 3 independent experiments. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; ++ p < 0.001 versus B; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus LPS control.