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Summary of combined Pfdhfr and Pfdhps haplotypes. Shaded boxes and bold letters denote mutant alleles. Key haplotypes associated with SP resistance include: the quadruple haplotypes, N51I, C59R, S108N plus S436A or A437G; the quintuple haplotypes, N51I, C59R, S108N plus A437G and K540E; or N51I, C59R, S108N plus S436A and A437G
