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. 2021 Feb 5;21:108. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02034-y

Table 3.

Repeated-measure ANOVA with age and strategy as between factors and trial as within factor (n = 58)

Speed (vm/ second) Rotation (°) Distance error (%) Successful trials (%)
Age
 F 25.906 2.711 2.235 3.584
 p <  0 .001*** 0.105 0.141 0.064
 Effect size (η2) 0.324 0.048 0.040 0.062
Strategy
 F 0.385 6.969 6.326 1.960
 p 0.538 0.011* 0.015* 0.167
 Effect size (η2) 0.007 0.114 0.105 0.035
Trial
 F 10.860 2.535 2.796 0.627
 p <  0 .001*** 0.047* 0.024* 0.678
 Effect size (η2) 0.167 0.045 0.049 0.011
Age × Strategy
 F 0.524 7.385 7.182 4.037
 p 0.472 0.009** 0.010** 0.050*
 Effect size (η2) 0.010 0.120 0.117 0.070
Age × Trial
 F 1.284 0.123 0.279 0.094
 p 0.269 0.966 0.902 0.993
 Effect size (η2) 0.023 0.002 0.005 0.002
Strategy × Trial
 F 0.525 0.150 0.304 0.600
 p 0.765 0.952 0.885 0.698
 Effect size (η2) 0.010 0.003 0.006 0.011
Age × Strategy × Trial
 F 1.136 1.024 1.160 1.321
 p 0.342 0.392 0.330 0.256
 Effect size (η2) 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.024

3 young adults (2 males and 1 female) were excluded from the repeated-measure ANOVA because of exceeding three-standard deviations in rotation. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001