Table 4.
The determinants of anemia in women in Bangladesh (obtained from ordinal logistic regression models) (N = 5886)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P Value |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P Value |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P Value |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P Value |
|
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||
| Low | 1.90 (1.65,2.17) | < 0.01 | 1.69 (1.43,1.99) | < 0.01 | 1.36 (0.85,2.15) | 0.20 | 1.23 (0.69, 1.83) | 0.62 |
| Medium | 1.41 (1.12,1.78) | < 0.01 | 1.35 (1.07,1.70) | < 0.01 | 1.15 (0.6,2.19) | 0.66 | 1.11 (0.58, 2.11) | 0.76 |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||||||
| Education | ||||||||
| No education | 1.22 (1.05,1.42) | < 0.01 | 1.21 (0.79,1.84) | 0.37 | 1.17 (.76, .80) | 0.46 | ||
| Completed primary | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 0.03 | 1.25 (0.82,1.91) | 0.30 | 1.29 (.8,1.88) | 0.35 | ||
| Completed secondary or higher | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 1.07 (0.94,1.22) | 0.30 | 1.06 (0.72,1.54) | 0.78 | .99 (67,1.46) | 0.96 | ||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Currently working | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.05 (.90,1.23) | 0.49 | 1.08 (0.68,1.53) | 0.94 | 0.99 (.67,1.46) | 0.98 | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Sex of house old head | ||||||||
| Female | .93 (0.78,1.12) | 0.45 | .79 (0.50,1.27) | 0.34 | .82 (0.65,1.50) | 0.41 | ||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Number of child | ||||||||
| No child | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| One | 0.99 (0.89,1.12 | 0.96 | 0.96 (0.69,1.33) | 0.81 | 0.95 (0.69,1.32) | 0.77 | ||
| Two | 0.90 (0.75,1.07) | 0.24 | 1.21 (0.73,2.01) | 0.45 | 1.23 (0.74,2.06) | 0.42 | ||
| Three or more | 1.01 (0.73,1.40) | 0.94 | 1.08 (0.39,2.97) | 0.88 | 1.06 (0.38,2.92) | 0.91 | ||
| Age | ||||||||
| Early reproductive | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Middle reproductive | 0.92 (0.78,1.07) | 0.26 | 0.77 (0.49,1.22) | 0.27 | .83 (0.52,1.32) | 0.44 | ||
| Late reproductive | 0.79 (0.64,0.99) | 0.04 | 0.59**(0.37,0.93) | 0.02 | .62 (0.39,0.98) | 0.04 | ||
| Early premenopause | 1.12 (0.88,1.42) | 0.35 | 0.89 (0.55,1.44) | 0.63 | .94 (0.58,1.53) | 0.81 | ||
| Late premenopause | 1.10 (0.86,1.43) | 0.43 | 0.76 (0.82,1.48) | 0.53 | .71 (0.73, 1.36) | 0.17 | ||
| Family size | ||||||||
| Small | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Large | 1.01 (0.87,1.16) | 0.91 | 1.05 (0.69,1.59) | 1.05 | 1.06 (.70,1.61) | 0.79 | ||
| Diabetics and Maternity status | ||||||||
| Maternity status | ||||||||
| Pregnant | 1.74 (1.12, 4.20) | < 0.01 | 1.7 (1.12,4.02) | 0.03 | ||||
| Lactating | 1.62 (1.09,3.70) | 0.03 | 1.47 (0 .11,3.99) | 0.14 | ||||
| Neither | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Fasting plasma glucose levels | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Prediabetic | .67 (0.39,1.15) | 0.15 | .68 (0.39, 1.70) | 0.17 | ||||
| Diabetic | 1.67 (0.78,3.49) | 0.18 | 1.74 (1.02, 3.68) | 0.04 | ||||
| Nutritional status | ||||||||
| BMI | ||||||||
| Underweight (< 18.50) | 1.34 (.92,1.96) | 0.04 | ||||||
| Normal (18.50, 24.99) | 1 | |||||||
| Overweight (25,30) | .62 (.39,0.97) | 0.13 | ||||||
| Obese (> 30) | .66 (.30,1.45) | 0.30 | ||||||