Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Feb 6;37(12):1843–1871. doi: 10.1007/s10409-020-01026-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — a SEM photographs of transdermal patches A: EC/PVP (3:2) before permeation studies; A1: EC/PVP (3:2) after permeation studies; B: ERL/ERS (4:1) before permeation studies; B1: ERL/ERS (4:1) after permeation studies [30]. b Comparison of transdermal iontophoretic skin permeation profiles of LHRH by three different application pattems with a current intensity of 0.6 mA [3]. c Schematic illustration of different concentration gradients across skin during various durations of current application. The transdermal iontophoretic skin permeation of LHRH is proportional to the concentration gradient, whose equilibrium concentration gradient is time-dependent [3]. d Current (filled circle) and voltage (open square) profiles 1 h after the initiation of lysine iontophoresis with 50% square-wave, unipolar, pulsed DC at frequencies of (up) 2500 Hz, (down) 250 Hz [31]