Table 6.

Medicinal plants with potential antidiabetic activity in Egypt.

Scientific Name	Part Used	Extraction Method, Solvent	Target	Intervention and Duration	Observations	Ref.
Cassia acutifolia	Leaf	Ethanol 80%, maceration	Nicotinamide-Streptozocin diabetic mice	10, 50 mg/kg, 1 week	No effect on serum insulin level	[129]
Crataegus aronia	Whole plant	Water, maceration	High-fat diet with small dose of streptozocin diabetic rats	500 mg/kg, 60 days	Lowered serum lipid levels, hepatic glycogen, hepatic lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin, enhanced the level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, hepatic mRNA expression of the insulin receptor A isoform, glucose 6-phosphatase	[155]
Centaurea alexanderina	Leaf	Methanol 80%, reflux	Streptozocin diabetic rats	600 mg/kg, 60 days	Anti-inflammatory activity was seen for the extract	[130]
Citrullus colocynthis	Seed	Ethanol	Alloxan diabetic rats	50 mg/kg, 8 weeks	Decrease in lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total, direct bilirubin, increase on glutathione, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, AST, ALP, total lipid were significantly increased in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats	[156]
Cyperus laevigatus	Aerial parts	Methanol 70%, maceration	Streptozocin diabetic rats	50mg/kg, 14 days	Decreasing levels of NO, glucagon, promoted paraoxonase activity	[131]
Fraxinus ornus	Fruit	Ethanol 80%, maceration	Nicotinamide-Streptozocin diabetic mice	10, 50 mg/kg, 1 week	No effect on insulin serum level	[129]
Moringa oleifera	Leaf	Ethanol, maceration	Alloxan diabetic rats	150 mg/kg, 21 days	Quercetin has the greatest potential antidiabetic activity in the extract, followed by chlorogenic acid and moringinine	[157]
Moringa peregrina	Aerial parts	Ethanol 95%, percolation	Streptozocin diabetic rats	Extracts: 25 mg/kg, fractions: 50 mg/kg, 1 day	The n-hexane fraction was the only fraction that showed a highly significant antihyperglycemic activity	[18]
	Seed	ethanol 70%, soxhlet	Streptozocin diabetic rats	150 mg/kg, 30 days	The extracts exerted protective effects against lipid peroxidation ethanolic extract > aqueous extract	[19]
Nepeta cataria	Flowering aerial parts, seed	P-ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol 70%, soxhlet	Streptozocin diabetic rats	50 g/kg, 30 days	All extracts had significant scavenging of free radicals abilities, normalized liver function and inhibited lipid synthesis	[135]
Phoenix dactylifera	Seed	Aqueous suspension	Streptozocin diabetic rats	1 gm/kg, 4 weeks	Protective effects for kidney, liver	[133]
	Epicarp	Isolated compounds	Alloxan diabetic rats	20 mg/kg, 30 days	Significant decrease in ALT, AST, cholesterol, TG, increase in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in liver	[158]
Securigera securidaca	Flower	Ethanol 90%, maceration	Alloxan diabetic rats	100, 200, 400 mg/kg	The extract was safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg (body weight), reduction in serum TG and total cholesterol levels	[136]
Trigonella stellate	Aerial parts, root	Ethanol 90%, maceration	Human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line	12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL	Activation of PPARα and PPARγ (fractions and isolated comp)	[137]
Urtica pilulifera	Aerial parts	Methanol, maceration	High-fat, low-dose streptozocin diabetic rats	250, 500 mg/kg	A significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effect	[138]