Table 16.

Plants with potential antidiabetic activity form Jordan.

Scientific Name	Part Used	Extraction Method, Solvent	Target	Intervention and Duration	Observations	Ref
Achillea santolina	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	Starch loaded rats	125, 500 mg/kg	Enhanced oral glucose tolerance	[343]
	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	MIN6 β-cell line	0.05–1 mg/mL	Dose dependent pancreatic β-cell proliferation	[350]
Artemisia herba alba	Aerial parts	Water, maceration	Alloxan diabetic rabbits	1 day	Significant hypoglycemic effect	[380]
Artemisia sieberi	Aerial parts	Essential oil, hydrodistillation	Alloxan diabetic rats	80 mg/kg, 30 days	LD50 800 mg/kg (body weight)	[353]
Arum dioscoridis & Arum palaestinum	Aerial parts	Water, ethanol, reflux	Fasted rats	125, 250, 500 mg/kg	Concentration-dependent pancreatic lipase inhibition	[355]
Crataegus aronia	Flower, leaf	Water, reflux	Highcholesterol diet fed rats	100, 200, 400 mg/kg, 10 weeks	Potent antiobesity, marked triacylglycerol-reducing efficacy	[357]
Cichorium pumilum	Leaf	Ethanol, percolation	Alloxan diabetic rats	1 gm/kg	Reduced bloodglucose after 3 h of administration	[358]
Eryngium creticum	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	MIN6 β-cell line	0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL	Dose-dependent highly significant pancreatic β-cell proliferation	[350]
	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	Starch treated rats	125, 250, 500 mg/kg	Lack of effect on enzymatic starch digestion, no overall glycemicexcursion, no improvement in OGTT	[360]
Geranium graveolens	Leaf	Water reflux	Pancreatic β-cells MIN6	0.01–1.0 mg/mL	Augmented β-cell mass expansion, dose-dependent dual inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase	[360,361]
Phaseolus vulgaris	Fresh pods	Ethanol, percolation	Alloxan diabetic rats	1 gm/kg	Significantly reduced blood glucose after 3 h of administration	[358]
Pistacia atlantica	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	Starch-loaded rat	125 mg/kg	Hypoglycaemic effect reversed at higher doses for the extract	[343]
	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	MIN6 β-cell line	0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/mL	Augmented acute β-cell insulin secretory efficacy, preserved β-cell integrity	[350]
Rheum ribes	Root, rhizome	Water, reflux	Pancreatic β-cells MIN6	0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL	Acute insulin secretion, augmented β-cell mass expansion	[260]
Sarcopoterium spinosum	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	Pancreatic β-cells MIN6	0.01–1.0 mg/mL	Insulinotropic and proliferative effects in the pancreas, dose-dependent dual inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase	[343,361]
Tecoma stans	Leaf	Ethanol, percolation	Alloxan diabetic rats	1gm/kg	Significantly reduced bloodglucose after 3 h of administration	[358]
Teucrium polium	Aerial parts	Ethanol, percolation	Alloxan diabetic rats	1gm/kg	Reduced blood glucose after 3 h of administration	[358]
Varthemia iphionoides	Aerial parts	Water, reflux	Pancreatic β-cells MIN6	0.01–1.0 mg/mL	Augmented β-cell mass expansion	[361]