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. 2021 Feb 2;22(3):1497. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031497

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Concentration measurements of pro-inflammatory cytokines of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-treated THP-1 cells. Secreted IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations of the culture media were determined with human IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α ELISA kits according to the instructions of the manufacturer. (A) Secreted IL-6 concentration of THP-1 cells treated with S. aureus LTA, E. coli LPS and P. aeruginosa LPS. (B) IL-1β production of THP-1 cells treated with LTA and LPS isolated from different sources. (C) TNF-α secretion of LTA- and LPS-treated THP-1 cells. The columns represent mean values and error bars represent standard deviation (SD) of three independent determinations (n = 3). ELISA measurements were carried out in triplicate in each independent experiment. An asterisk * indicates p < 0.05 compared to the controls. A cross † indicates p < 0.05 compared to LTA treatment and a double cross ‡ shows p < 0.05 compared to P. aeruginosa LPS treatment.