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. 2020 Jul 19;271(1):3–15. doi: 10.1007/s00406-020-01163-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Two-state dynamic causal model of the frontostriatal network. Each region comprises one population of excitatory neurons (E) and one population of inhibitory neurons (I). Parameters of effective connectivity represent the influence of inhibitory to excitatory connections (IE, assumed to be GABAergic neurons), the influence of excitatory to inhibitory connections (EI), the influence of self-inhibitory connections within each population (SE, SI), and the influence of excitatory population of one region on the excitatory population of the other region (EE, assumed to be glutamatergic connections). Whereas EI, SE, and SI parameters are fixed in the model, IE and EE are free to vary, evaluated parameters