Table 1.
Participant characteristics at Fontan 3
| Characteristic | N | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at Fontan, years | 311 | 3.2 ± 1.6 |
| Age at exercise testing, years | 311 | 21.1 ± 3.3 |
| Height, cm | 311 | 168.7 ± 9.3 |
| Weight, kg | 311 | 67.0 ± 15.7 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 281 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
| BMI categories | 311 | |
| Normal | 221 (71%) | |
| Overweight | 57 (18%) | |
| Obese | 33 (11%) | |
| Sex | 311 | |
| Female | 120 (39%) | |
| Male | 191 (61%) | |
| Race | 310 | |
| Other | 60 (19%) | |
| White | 250 (81%) | |
| Ventricular morphology | 311 | |
| Left | 167 (54%) | |
| Right | 89 (29%) | |
| Mixed | 55 (18%) | |
| Type of Fontan | 311 | |
| Atriopulmonary connection | 39 (13%) | |
| TCPC lateral tunnel | 172 (55%) | |
| TCPC extracardiac conduit | 92 (30%) | |
| Other | 8 (3%) | |
| Pacemaker present | 311 | |
| No | 295 (95%) | |
| Yes | 16 (5%) |
BMI body mass index, TCPC total cavopulmonary connection