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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 7.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Cardiol. 2020 Sep 25;42(1):158–168. doi: 10.1007/s00246-020-02465-1

Table 3.

Change in exercise performance at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold from Fontan I to Fontan III

Characteristic N Fontan 1 Fontan 3 Annualized change p value*
Age at exercise testing 270 12.2 ± 3.2 21.6 ± 3.3 <0.001
VO2 at VAT, mL/kg/min 196 19.4 ± 6.5 17.0 ± 5.7 −0.3 ± 0.6 <0.001
% predicted VO2 at VAT 196 80.0 ± 24.7 72.1 ± 24.8 −0.8 ± 2.6 <0.001
% predicted FVC 251 76.1 ± 14.9 81.6 ± 16.7 0.6 ± 1.5 <0.001
% predicted FEV1 247 76.7 ± 15.2 81.1 ± 16.3 0.5 ± 1.6 <0.001
FEV1/FVC at rest 248 88.8 ± 8.0 85.7 ± 7.8 −0.3 ± 1.0 <0.001
VE/VCO2 at VAT 194 43.4 ± 10.7 33.4 ± 4.6 −1.1 ± 1.1 <0.001
Resting O2 saturation 262 94.2 ± 4.0 93.4 ± 4.6 −0.1 ± 0.5 0.001
*

Paired Student’s t test

VO2 oxygen consumption, VAT ventilatory anaerobic threshold, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, VE/VCO2 ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production, O2 oxygen