Table 5.
Exercise performance at Fontan III divided into tertiles by oxygen consumption at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold
| Characteristic | Total |
Tertile 1 |
Tertile 2 |
Tertile 3 |
p value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean ± SD or n (%) | N | Mean ± SD or n (%) | N | Mean ± SD or n (%) | N | Mean ± SD or n (%) | ||
| VO2 at VAT, mL/kg/min | 311 | 17.2 ± 5.6 | 103 | 12.4 ± 2.6 | 104 | 16.6 ± 2.9 | 104 | 22.7 ± 5.0 | <0.001* |
| Percent predicted VO2 at VAT (%) | 311 | 73 ± 25 | 103 | 50 ± 9 | 104 | 69 ± 5 | 104 | 101 ± 20 | <0.001* |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 271 | 26.2 ± 7.3 | 93 | 21.9 ± 5.4 | 89 | 25.1 ± 5.9 | 89 | 31.8 ± 6.8 | <0.001* |
| Ratio of VO2 at VAT to Peak VO2 | 271 | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 93 | 0.58 ± 0.12 | 89 | 0.68 ± 0.12 | 89 | 0.73 ± 0.11 | <0.001* |
| Age at exercise testing, years | 311 | 21.1 ± 3.3 | 103 | 21.8 ± 3.3 | 104 | 21.1 ± 3.5 | 104 | 20.3 ± 3.1 | 0.006* |
| Height, cm | 311 | 168.7 ± 9.3 | 103 | 169.6 ± 10.0 | 104 | 169.1 ± 9.1 | 104 | 167.3 ± 8.8 | 0.17* |
| Weight, kg | 311 | 67.0 ± 15.7 | 103 | 71.9 ± 18.0 | 104 | 66.9 ± 15.4 | 104 | 62.3 ± 11.8 | <0.001* |
| BMI categories | 311 | 103 | 104 | 104 | 0.001† | ||||
| Normal | 221 (71%) | 64 (62%) | 71 (68%) | 86 (83%) | |||||
| Overweight | 57 (18%) | 19 (18%) | 24 (23%) | 14 (13%) | |||||
| Obese | 33 (11%) | 20 (19%) | 9 (9%) | 4 (4%) | |||||
| Gender | 311 | 103 | 104 | 104 | <0.001† | ||||
| Female | 120 (39%) | 25 (24%) | 39 (38%) | 56 (54%) | |||||
| Male | 191 (61%) | 78 (76%) | 65 (63%) | 48 (46%) | |||||
| Race | 310 | 102 | 104 | 104 | 0.82† | ||||
| White | 250 (81%) | 84 (82%) | 82 (79%) | 84 (81%) | |||||
| Other | 60 (19%) | 18 (18%) | 22 (21%) | 20 (19%) | |||||
| Ventricular morphology | 311 | 103 | 104 | 104 | 0.03† | ||||
| Left | 167 (54%) | 53 (51%) | 46 (44%) | 68 (65%) | |||||
| Right | 89 (29%) | 33 (32%) | 34 (33%) | 22 (21%) | |||||
| Mixed | 55 (18%) | 17 (17%) | 24 (23%) | 14 (13%) | |||||
| Type of Fontan | 311 | 103 | 104 | 104 | 0.13† | ||||
| TCPC lateral tunnel | 172 (55%) | 64 (62%) | 62 (60%) | 46 (44%) | |||||
| TCPC extracardiac conduit | 92 (30%) | 23 (22%) | 30 (29%) | 39 (38%) | |||||
| Atriopulmonary connection | 39 (13%) | 14 (14%) | 9 (9%) | 16 (15%) | |||||
| Other | 8 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 3 (3%) | |||||
| Pacemaker present | 311 | 103 | 104 | 104 | 0.02† | ||||
| No | 295 (95%) | 93 (90%) | 103 (99%) | 99 (95%) | |||||
| Yes | 16 (5%) | 10 (10%) | 1 (1%) | 5 (5%) | |||||
VO2 oxygen consumption, VAT ventilatory anaerobic threshold, BMI body mass index, TCPC total cavopulmonary connection
*
One-way ANOVA
†
Fisher’s Exact test